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The following text is from an archived Red Book® edition and may not reflect current recommendations or information. To view the current edition, click here.
Section 1. Active and Passive Immunization
ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION
Vaccine Safety and Contraindications
RISKS AND ADVERSE EVENTSINSTITUTE OF MEDICINE IMMUNIZATION SAFETY REVIEW COMMITTEE
THE BRIGHTON COLLABORATION
REPORTING OF ADVERSE EVENTS
CLINICAL IMMUNIZATION SAFETY ASSESSMENT NETWORK
VACCINE SAFETY DATALINK PROJECT
VACCINE IDENTIFICATION STANDARDS INITIATIVE
VACCINE INJURY COMPENSATION
PRECAUTIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS
HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS TO VACCINE CONSTITUENTS
MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT VACCINE CONTRAINDICATIONS
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RISKS AND ADVERSE EVENTS
All licensed vaccines in the United States are safe and effective, but no vaccine is completely safe and effective in every person. Some vaccine recipients will have an adverse reaction, and some will not always be fully protected. The goal of vaccine development is to achieve the highest degree of protection with the lowest rate of adverse events.
Risks of immunization may vary from trivial and inconvenient to severe and life threatening. When developing immunization recommendations, vaccine benefits and safety are weighed against the risks of natural disease to the person and the community. Many families lack awareness of the continued threat of certain vaccine-preventable diseases (eg, pertussis and measles) in their community and the risk of tetanus among unimmunized people. Recommendations attempt to maximize protection and minimize risk by providing specific advice on dose, route, and timing of the vaccine and by delineating people who should be immunized and circumstances that warrant precaution or contraindicate immunization.
Common vaccine adverse events usually are mild to moderate in severity (eg, fever or local swelling, redness, and pain at the injection site) and without permanent sequelae. Because such reactions are intrinsic to the immunizing antigen or some other component of the vaccine, they occur frequently and are unavoidable. Examples include local inflammation after administration of DTaP vaccine and fever and rash 1 to 2 weeks after administration of MMR vaccine.
Sterile abscesses have occurred at the site of
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