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Section 1. Active and Passive Immunization
PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION
Antibodies of Animal Origin (Animal Antisera)
Products of animal origin used for prophylaxis of infectious diseases are derived from serum of horses. Experimental products prepared in other species also may be available. These products are derived by concentrating the serum globulin fraction with ammonium sulfate. Some, but not all, products are subjected to an enzyme digestion process to decrease reactions to foreign proteins.
Use of the following products is discussed in the disease-specific chapters in Section 3:
Botulism Antitoxin (Equine), available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Diphtheria Antitoxin (Equine), available from the CDC. The sole US manufacturer has stopped producing this product, and current stock supplies will expire in November 2003. Negotiations are underway with another supplier.
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Antibody-containing products prepared from animal sera pose a special risk to the recipient, and the use of such products should be limited strictly to certain indications for which specific IG preparations of human origin are not available (eg, diphtheria and botulism).
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Before any animal serum is injected, the patient must be questioned about his or her history of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and urticaria after previous exposure to animals or injections of animal sera. Patients with a history of asthma or allergic symptoms, especially from exposure to horses, can be dangerously sensitive to equine sera and should be
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