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The following text is from an archived Red Book® edition and may not reflect current recommendations or information. To view the current edition, click here.
Section 2. Recommendations for Care of Children in Special Circumstances
BLOOD SAFETY: REDUCING THE RISK OF TRANSFUSION-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
In the United States, the risk of transmission of infectious agents through transfusion of blood components (Red Blood Cells, Platelets, and Plasma) and plasma derivatives (clotting factor concentrates, immune globulins, and protein-containing plasma volume expanders) is extremely low. Nevertheless, continued vigilance, including improved surveillance and reporting, is crucial as the blood supply remains vulnerable to organisms associated with newly identified or emerging infections. This chapter will review blood and plasma collection procedures in the United States, some factors that have contributed to enhancing the safety of the blood supply, some of the known and emerging infectious agents and related blood safety concerns; and approaches to decreasing the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections.
Blood Components and Plasma DerivativesCurrent Blood Safety Measures
Look-Back Programs
Transfusion-Transmitted Agents: Known Threats and Potential Pathogens
Improving Blood Safety
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Blood Components and Plasma Derivatives
Blood collection, preparation, and testing are regulated carefully by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In the United States, whole blood is collected from volunteer donors and separated into components, including Red Blood Cells, Platelets, Plasma, Gamma Globulin, and White Blood Cells. Platelets also can be obtained through apheresis, in which blood passes through a machine that separates the platelets and returns other components to the donor. Plasma for transfusion or further manufacturing into plasma derivatives can be prepared from Whole Blood or collected by apheresis. Most Plasma in the United States is obtained from paid donors at specialized collection centers. Plasma derivatives are prepared by pooling plasma from many donors and subjecting the plasma to a fractionation process that separates the desired proteins.
From an infection standpoint, plasma derivatives differ from blood components
Related text in Red Book:
- Summary of Major Changes in the 2003 Red Book
Red Book 2003: xxv.[Extract] [Full Version] - Passive Immunization
Red Book 2003: 53-54.[Extract] [Full Version] - Immune Globulin Intravenous
Red Book 2003: 56-59.[Extract] [Full Version] - Prevention of Tickborne Infections
Red Book 2003: 186-187.[Extract] [Full Version] - Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies
Red Book 2003: 510-512.[Extract] [Full Version] - Babesiosis
Red Book 2003: 211-212.[Extract] [Full Version] - American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease)
Red Book 2003: 640-641.[Extract] [Full Version] - Cytomegalovirus Infection
Red Book 2003: 259-262.[Extract] [Full Version] - Hepatitis A
Red Book 2003: 309-318.[Extract] [Full Version] - Hepatitis B
Red Book 2003: 318-336.[Extract] [Full Version] - Hepatitis C
Red Book 2003: 336-340.[Extract] [Full Version] - Arboviruses (Including California Encephalitis [Primarily La Crosse], Eastern and Western Equine Encephalitis, Powassan Encephalitis, St Louis Encephalitis, Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis, West Nile Encephalitis, Colorado Tick Fever, Dengue, Japanese Encephalitis, and Yellow Fever)
Red Book 2003: 199-205.[Extract] [Full Version] - Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Red Book 2003: 360-382.[Extract] [Full Version] - Malaria
Red Book 2003: 414-419.[Extract] [Full Version] - Parvovirus B19 (Erythema Infectiosum, Fifth Disease)
Red Book 2003: 459-461.[Extract] [Full Version] - MedWatch—The FDA Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program
Red Book 2003: 771-772.[Extract] [Full Version]
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