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The following text is from an archived Red Book® edition and may not reflect current recommendations or information. To view the current edition, click here.
Section 3. Summaries of Infectious Diseases
Rotavirus Infections
Clinical Manifestations
Etiology
Epidemiology
Diagnostic Tests
Treatment
Isolation of the Hospitalized Patient
Control Measures
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: Infection can result in nonbloody diarrhea, usually preceded or accompanied by emesis and fever. Symptoms generally persist for 3 to 8 days. In severe cases, dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities, and acidosis may occur. In immunocompromised children, including children with human immunodeficiency virus infection, persistent infection can develop. The risk of intussusception after wild-type rotavirus infection is unclear, but most information suggests that rotavirus is not a major cause of intussusception.
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ETIOLOGY: Rotaviruses (Rvs) are segmented, double-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the family Reoviridae, with at least 7 distinct antigenic groups (A through G). Group A viruses are the major causes of Rv diarrhea worldwide. Group B and C viruses also have been identified as causes of gastroenteritis in humans. Serotyping is based on the VP7 glycoprotein (G) and VP4 protease-cleaved hemagglutinin (P); G types 1 through 4 and 9 and P types 1A and 1B are most common.
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EPIDEMIOLOGY: Most human infections result from contact with infected people. Infections attributable to Rv occur in many
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Related Article
Red Book 2003 2003: 123-137.