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The following text is from an archived Red Book® edition and may not reflect current recommendations or information. To view the current edition, click here.

Section 3. Summaries of Infectious Diseases

Shigella Infections

Clinical Manifestations
Etiology
Epidemiology
Diagnostic Tests
Treatment
Isolation of the Hospitalized Patient
Control Measures

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CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:Shigella species primarily infect the large intestine, causing clinical manifestations that range from watery or loose stools with minimal or no constitutional symptoms to more severe symptoms, including fever, abdominal cramps or tenderness, tenesmus, and mucoid stools with or without blood. Clinical presentations vary with Shigella species; patients with Shigella sonnei infection usually exhibit watery diarrhea; people with Shigella flexneri, Shigella boydii, and Shigella dysenteriae infection typically have bloody diarrhea and severe systemic symptoms. Rare complications include bacteremia, Reiter syndrome (after S flexneri infection), hemolytic-uremic syndrome (after S dysenteriae type 1 infection), toxic megacolon and perforation, and toxic encephalopathy (ekiri syndrome).


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ETIOLOGY:Shigella species are gram-negative bacilli in the family Enterobacteriaceae. Four species (with more than 40 serotypes) have been identified. Among Shigella isolates reported in the United States from 1989 to 2000, 78% were S sonnei, 19% were S flexneri, 2% were S boydii, and 1% were S dysenteriae. Shigella dysenteriae is rare in the United States but is widespread in rural Africa and the Indian subcontinent.


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EPIDEMIOLOGY: Humans are the natural host for Shigella, although other . . . [Go to Full Text]


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This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Gordon, R. C., Thompson, T. R,, Carlson, W., Dyke, J. W., Stevens, L. I. (1975). Antimicrobial Resistance of Shigellae Isolated in Michigan. JAMA 231: 1159-1161 [Abstract]