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The following text is from an archived Red Book® edition and may not reflect current recommendations or information. To view the current edition, click here.

Section 3. Summaries of Infectious Diseases

Non-Group A or B Streptococcal and Enterococcal Infections

Clinical Manifestations
Etiology
Epidemiology
Diagnostic Tests
Treatment
Isolation of the Hospitalized Patient
Control Measures

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CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: Streptococci of groups other than A or B can be associated with invasive disease in infants, children, adolescents, and adults. Urinary tract infection, endocarditis, upper and lower respiratory tract infections, and meningitis are the principal clinical syndromes. Viridans streptococci are associated with a variety of infections, perhaps the most significant being endocarditis and bacteremia in neutropenic patients with cancer. Enterococci are associated with bacteremia in neonates and bacteremia, intra-abdominal abscesses, and urinary tract infections in older children and adults.


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ETIOLOGY: Changes in taxonomy and nomenclature of the Streptococcus genus have evolved as a result of the application of molecular technology. 1 Among gram-positive organisms that are catalase negative and that display chains in Gram stains, the 2 genera associated most often with human disease are Streptococcus and Enterococcus. The Streptococcus genus contains organisms that are (a) hemolytic on blood agar plates (Streptococcus pyogenes [see Group A Streptococcal Infections, p 573], Streptococcus agalactiae [see Group B Streptococcal Infections, p 584], and groups C, G, and F streptococci); (b) nonhemolytic . . . [Go to Full Text]


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