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The following text is from an archived Red Book® edition and may not reflect current recommendations or information. To view the current edition, click here.
Section 3. Summaries of Infectious Diseases
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection 1
Clinical Manifestations
Etiology
Epidemiology
Incubation Period
Diagnostic Tests
Treatment
Isolation of the Hospitalized Patient
Control Measures
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children and adolescents causes a broad spectrum of disease and a varied clinical course. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) represents the most severe end of the clinical spectrum. The current surveillance definitions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for AIDS in adults and adolescents are listed in Table 3.23 (p 361), and the CDC clinical categories and pediatric classification system for children younger than 13 years of age who are born to HIV-infected mothers or who are known to be infected with HIV are presented in Tables 3.24 (p 362) and 3.25 (p 364).
2
3 This pediatric classification system, which was established for surveillance of HIV infection, emphasizes the importance of the CD4+ T-lymphocyte count as an immunologic surrogate and marker of prognosis but does not use information on viral load as quantitated by RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay.
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View this table: [in a new window] | Table 3.23. 1993 Revised Case Definition of AIDS-Defining Conditions for Adults and Adolescents 13 Years of Age and Older1 |
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View this table: [in a new window] | Table 3.24. Clinical Categories for Children Younger Than 13 Years of Age With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection1 |
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View this table: [in a new window] | Table 3.25. Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Classification for Children Younger Than 13 Years of Age1 |
The manifestations of pediatric HIV infection include generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, failure to thrive, oral candidiasis, recurrent diarrhea, parotitis, cardiomyopathy, hepatitis, nephropathy, central nervous system (CNS) disease (including developmental delay), lymphoid interstitial pneumonia,
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