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Section 1. Active and Passive Immunization
IMMUNIZATION IN SPECIAL CLINICAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Active Immunization After Exposure to Disease
Because not all susceptible people receive vaccines before exposure, active immunization may be considered for a person who has been exposed to a specific disease. The following situations are the most commonly encountered (see the disease-specific chapters in Section 3 for detailed recommendations).
Measles. Live-virus measles vaccine given to susceptible immunocompetent children 1 year of age and older, adolescents, and adults within 72 hours of exposure will provide protection against measles in some cases (see Measles, p 441). Determining the time of exposure may be difficult, because infected people can spread measles virus for 3 to 5 days before the appearance of a rash and for 1 to 2 days before the onset of
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