American Academy of Pediatrics Banner AAP Bookstore AAP Web site search AAP Members Only Channel American Academy of Pediatrics American Academy of Pediatrics
HomeTable of ContentsVisual LibraryResourcesNewsSubscribeSearchContact usHelp
Red Book Online Logo    

Red Book Online Quick Search
Advanced Search


This Article
Right arrow Full Version
Services
Right arrow E-mail this link to a friend
Right arrow Related text in Red Book
Right arrow Add to My File Cabinet
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Right arrow Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
Appendices

The first 300 words of the full text of this section appear below.

Section 2. Recommendations for Care of Children in Special Circumstances

BLOOD SAFETY: REDUCING THE RISK OF TRANSFUSION-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS

Transfusion-Transmitted Agents: Known Threats and Potential Pathogens

Any infectious agent that has a blood phase potentially can be transmitted by blood transfusion. Factors that influence the risk of transmission by transfusion of an infectious agent and development of clinical disease in the recipient include prevalence and incidence of the agent in donors, duration of hematogenous phase, tolerance of the agent to processing and storage, infectivity and pathogenicity of the agent, and recipient’s health status. Table 2.4 (p 115) lists major known transfusion-transmitted infections and some of the emerging agents under investigation.


View this table:
[in this window]
[in a new window]
  		Table 2.4. Selected Known and Potential Transfusion-Transmitted Agents1
 
VIRUSES

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (p 378), HCV (p 355), HBV (p 335). The probability of infection in recipients who are exposed to these viruses in transfused blood products is approximately 90%. Although blood donations are screened for these viruses, there is a small residual risk of infection resulting almost exclusively from donations collected during the "window period" of infection, the period soon after infection during which a blood donor is infectious but screening results are negative.

To decrease the time period when donor HIV and HCV infection can go undetected, nucleic acid amplification (NAA) testing of blood and plasma donations was implemented beginning in 1999 in the United States and is performed on blood and plasma donations. In addition, NAA testing for HBV is being performed in selected centers under an investigational protocol, although cost-effectiveness of universal NAA testing for HBV is controversial. Various estimates suggest that NAA testing on pooled units can decrease the preantibody seroconversion . . . [Go to Full Text]


Related text in Red Book:

Current Blood Safety Measures

Red Book 2006: 113. [Extract] [Full Version]  

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies

Red Book 2006: 547-550. [Extract] [Full Version]  

Babesiosis

Red Book 2006: 223-224. [Extract] [Full Version]  

American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease)

Red Book 2006: 676-678. [Extract] [Full Version]  

Cytomegalovirus Infection

Red Book 2006: 273-277. [Extract] [Full Version]  

Hepatitis A

Red Book 2006: 326-335. [Extract] [Full Version]  

Hepatitis B

Red Book 2006: 335-355. [Extract] [Full Version]  

Hepatitis C

Red Book 2006: 355-359. [Extract] [Full Version]  

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Red Book 2006: 378-401. [Extract] [Full Version]  

Malaria

Red Book 2006: 435-441. [Extract] [Full Version]  

Parvovirus B19 (Erythema Infectiosum, Fifth Disease)

Red Book 2006: 484-487. [Extract] [Full Version]  








HomeTable of ContentsVisual LibraryResourcesNewsSubscribeSearchContact usHelp
Site Requirements | Privacy Policy | Core Values, Vision, and Mission Statement
The recommendations in this online publication do not indicate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as a standard of medical care. Variations, taking into account individual circumstances, may be appropriate.
Copyright © 2006 American Academy of Pediatrics Highwire Press Logo