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Section 2. Recommendations for Care of Children in Special Circumstances
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS IN ADOLESCENTS AND CHILDREN
Sexually Transmitted Infections in Adolescents
EPIDEMIOLOGYAlthough the incidence of all reported STIs in the United States has decreased during the past decade, adolescents and young adults continue to have higher rates of STIs than any other age group. Adolescents are at greater risk of STIs, because they frequently have unprotected intercourse, biologically may be more susceptible to infection, often are engaged in multiple sequential monogamous partnerships of limited duration, and face multiple obstacles in accessing confidential health care services. In the United States in 2004, case report rates for gonorrhea were 147 per 100 000 for people between 30 and 34 years of age, 286 per 100 000 for people between 25 and 29 years of age, 498 per 100 000 for people between 20 and 24 years of age, and 427 per 100 000 for people between 15 and 19 years of age. The highest age-specific incidence rate for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 2000 was 34 per 100 000, which occurred among young adults 25 to 39 years of age who presumably acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection over the previous decade—commonly during adolescence. In 2000, reports based on AIDS surveillance data indicated a substantial decrease in the number of perinatally acquired AIDS cases, reflecting a decreasing rate of perinatal HIV transmission.
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