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Section 5
Appendices

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Section 3. Summaries of Infectious Diseases

Campylobacter Infections

Clinical Manifestations
Etiology
Epidemiology
Diagnostic Tests
Treatment
Isolation of the Hospitalized Patient
Control Measures

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CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: Predominant symptoms of Campylobacter infections include diarrhea, abdominal pain, malaise, and fever. Stools may contain visible or occult blood. In neonates and young infants, bloody diarrhea without fever may be the only manifestation of infection. Abdominal pain can mimic that produced by appendicitis or intussusception. Mild infection lasts 1 or 2 days and resembles viral gastroenteritis. Most patients recover in less than 1 week, but 20% have a relapse or a prolonged or severe illness. Severe or persistent infection can mimic acute inflammatory bowel disease. Bacteremia is uncommon but can occur in neonates, in people with human immunodeficiency virus infection, and in healthy and malnourished children. Immunocompromised hosts may have prolonged, relapsing, or extraintestinal infections, especially with Campylobacter fetus and other "atypical" species. Immuno reactive complications, such as acute idiopathic polyneuritis (Guillain-Barré syndrome), Miller Fisher syndrome (ophthalmoplegia, areflexia, ataxia), reactive arthritis, Reiter syndrome (arthritis, urethritis, and bilateral conjunctivitis), and erythema nodosum, can occur during convalescence.


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ETIOLOGY: Campylobacter species are motile, comma-shaped, gram-negative bacilli that cause gastroenteritis. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the most common species isolated from patients with diarrhea. Campylobacter fetus predominantly causes systemic illness in neonates and debilitated hosts. Other Campylobacter species, including Campylobacter upsaliensis, Campylobacter lari, and Campylobacter hyointestinalis, may cause similar diarrheal or systemic illnesses in children.


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EPIDEMIOLOGY: The gastrointestinal tract of domestic and wild birds and animals is the reservoir of infection. Campylobacter jejuni and C coli have been isolated from feces of 30% to 100% of chickens, turkeys, and water fowl. Poultry carcasses . . . [Go to Full Text]


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This topic has been referenced by these articles:

  • Arvola, T., Ruuska, T., Keranen, J., Hyoty, H., Salminen, S., Isolauri, E. (2006). Rectal Bleeding in Infancy: Clinical, Allergological, and Microbiological Examination. Pediatrics 117: e760-e768 [Abstract] [Full Version]  
  • McCarthy, T. A., Barrett, N. L., Hadler, J. L., Salsbury, B., Howard, R. T., Dingman, D. W., Brinkman, C. D., Bibb, W. F., Cartter, M. L. (2001). Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome and Escherichia coli O121 at a Lake in Connecticut, 1999. Pediatrics 108: e59-59 [Abstract] [Full Version]  
  • Beatty, M. E., Griffin, P. M., Tulu, A. N., Olsen, S. J. (2004). Culturing Practices and Antibiotic Use in Children With Diarrhea. Pediatrics 113: 628-629 [Full Version]