ad
This Article
Right arrow Images Only
Right arrow Full Version
Services
Right arrow E-mail this link to a friend
Right arrow Related text in Red Book
Right arrow Add to My File Cabinet
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Articles in Pediatrics
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Right arrow Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
Appendices

The following text is from an archived Red Book® edition and may not reflect current recommendations or information. To view the current edition, click here.

The first 300 words of the full text of this section appear below.

Section 3. Summaries of Infectious Diseases

Cytomegalovirus Infection

Clinical Manifestations
Etiology
Epidemiology
Diagnostic Tests
Treatment
Isolation of the Hospitalized Patient
Control Measures

Top
 Next
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: Manifestations of acquired human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection vary with the age and immunocompetence of the host. Asymptomatic infections are the most common, particularly in children. An infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome with prolonged fever and mild hepatitis, occurring in the absence of heterophil antibody production, can occur in adolescents and adults. Pneumonia, colitis, and retinitis occur in immunocompromised hosts, including people receiving treatment for malignant neoplasms, people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and people receiving immunosuppressive therapy for organ transplantation.

Congenital infection has a spectrum of manifestations but usually is silent clinically. Some congenitally infected infants who appear healthy at birth are later found to have hearing loss or learning disability. Approximately 10% of infants with congenital CMV infection have profound involvement evident at birth, with manifestations including intrauterine growth retardation, jaundice, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, microcephaly, intracerebral calcifications, and retinitis.

Infection acquired intrapartum from maternal cervical secretions or postpartum from human milk usually is not associated with clinical illness. Infection resulting from transfusion from CMV-seropositive donors to preterm infants has been associated with systemic infections, including lower respiratory tract disease.


Top
 Previous
Next
ETIOLOGY: Human CMV, a DNA virus, is a member of the herpesvirus group.


Top
 Previous
Next
EPIDEMIOLOGY: Cytomegalovirus is highly species specific, and only human strains are known to produce human disease. This virus is ubiquitous and is transmitted horizontally (by direct person-to-person contact with virus-containing secretions), vertically (from mother to infant before, during, or after birth), and via transfusions of blood, platelets, and white blood cells from previously infected people (see Blood Safety, p 106). Infections have no seasonal predilection. Cytomegalovirus persists in latent form after a primary infection, and reactivation can occur years later, particularly under conditions of . . . [Go to Full Text]


Related text in Red Book:

Immunocompromised Children

Red Book 2006: 71-85. [Extract] [Full Version]  

Blood Safety: Reducing the Risk of Transfusion-Transmitted Infections

Red Book 2006: 106-112. [Extract] [Full Version]  

Transfusion-Transmitted Agents: Known Threats and Potential Pathogens

Red Book 2006: 113-121. [Extract] [Full Version]  

Human Milk

Red Book 2006: 123-124. [Extract] [Full Version]  

Children in Out-of-Home Child Care

Red Book 2006: 130. [Extract] [Full Version]  

Infectious Diseases—Epidemiology and Control

Red Book 2006: 135-142. [Extract] [Full Version]  

Infection Control for Hospitalized Children

Red Book 2006: 153-154. [Extract] [Full Version]  

Antiviral Drugs

Red Book 2006: 785-789. [Extract] [Full Version]  



This topic has been referenced by these articles:

  • Ahlfors, K., Ivarsson, S.-A., Harris;, S., Boppana, S., Fowler;, K. B., Ahlfors, K. (2001). Secondary Maternal Cytomegalovirus Infection{---}A Significant Cause of Congenital Disease. Pediatrics 107: 1227-1228 [Full Version]  
  • Fowler, K. B., Pass, R. F. (2006). Risk Factors for Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection in the Offspring of Young Women: Exposure to Young Children and Recent Onset of Sexual Activity. Pediatrics 118: e286-e292 [Abstract] [Full Version]  
  • Rivera, L. B., Boppana, S. B., Fowler, K. B., Britt, W. J., Stagno, S., Pass, R. F. (2002). Predictors of Hearing Loss in Children With Symptomatic Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection. Pediatrics 110: 762-767 [Abstract] [Full Version]  
  • Lanari, M., Lazzarotto, T., Papa, I., Venturi, V., Bronzetti, G., Guerra, B., Faldella, G., Corvaglia, L., Picchio, F. M., Landini, M. P., Salvioli, G. P. (2001). Neonatal Aortic Arch Thrombosis as a Result of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection. Pediatrics 108: e114-114 [Abstract] [Full Version]  
  • Farrow, C., Blissett, J. (2006). Does Maternal Control During Feeding Moderate Early Infant Weight Gain?. Pediatrics 118: e293-e298 [Abstract] [Full Version]  
  • Lazzarotto, T., Gabrielli, L., Foschini, M. P., Lanari, M., Guerra, B., Eusebi, V., Landini, M. P. (2003). Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection in Twin Pregnancies: Viral Load in the Amniotic Fluid and Pregnancy Outcome. Pediatrics 112: e153-157 [Abstract] [Full Version]  
  • Bernard, F., Picard, C., Cormier-Daire, V., Eidenschenk, C., Pinto, G., Bustamante, J.-C., Jouanguy, E., Teillac-Hamel, D., Colomb, V., Funck-Brentano, I., Pascal, V., Vivier, E., Fischer, A., Le Deist, F., Casanova, J.-L. (2004). A Novel Developmental and Immunodeficiency Syndrome Associated With Intrauterine Growth Retardation and a Lack of Natural Killer Cells. Pediatrics 113: 136-141 [Abstract] [Full Version]