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Section 1. Active and Passive Immunization
Active Immunization
Scheduling Immunizations
A vaccine is intended to be administered to a person who is capable of an appropriate immunologic response and who likely will benefit from the protection given. However, optimal immunologic response for the person must be balanced against the need to achieve effective protection against disease. For example, pertussis-containing vaccines may be less immunogenic in early infancy than in later infancy, but the benefit of conferring protection in young infants mandates that immunization should be given early despite a lessened serum antibody response. For this reason, in some developing countries, OPV vaccine is given at birth, in accordance with recommendations of the World Health Organization.
With parenterally administered live-virus vaccines, the inhibitory effect of residual specific maternal antibody determines the optimal age of administration. For example, live-virus measles-containing vaccine in use in the United States provides suboptimal rates of seroconversion during the first year of life mainly because of interference by transplacentally acquired maternal antibody. If a measles-containing vaccine is administered before 12 months of age, the child should be reimmunized at 12 through 15 months of age with a measles-containing vaccine; a third dose of a measles-containing vaccine is indicated at 4 through 6 years of age but may be administered as early as 4 weeks
Related text in Red Book:
- Summary of Major Changes in the 2009 Red Book
Red Book 2009: XXIX.[Extract] [Full Version] - Sources of Vaccine Information
Red Book 2009: 2-5.[Extract] [Full Version] - Parental Refusal of Immunization
Red Book 2009: 8-9.[Extract] [Full Version] - Lapsed Immunizations
Red Book 2009: 34.[Extract] [Full Version] - Immunizations Received Outside the United States
Red Book 2009: 36.[Extract] [Full Version] - Minimum Ages and Minimum Intervals Between Vaccine Doses
Red Book 2009: 32.[Extract] [Full Version] - Simultaneous Administration of Multiple Vaccines
Red Book 2009: 33-34.[Extract] [Full Version] - Preterm and Low Birth Weight Infants
Red Book 2009: 68-70.[Extract] [Full Version] - Adolescent and College Populations
Red Book 2009: 93-94.[Extract] [Full Version] - Refugees and Immigrants
Red Book 2009: 97-98.[Extract] [Full Version] - International Travel
Red Book 2009: 98-104.[Extract] [Full Version] - Immunocompromised Children
Red Book 2009: 72-86.[Extract] [Full Version] - Children With Chronic Diseases
Red Book 2009: 86-87.[Extract] [Full Version] - Children in Residential Institutions
Red Book 2009: 90-92.[Extract] [Full Version] - Viral Hepatitis
Red Book 2009: 179-180.[Extract] [Full Version] - Immunizations
Red Book 2009: 183-184.[Extract] [Full Version] - Infectious Diseases—Epidemiology and Control
Red Book 2009: 131-138.[Extract] [Full Version] - Diseases Preventable by Routine Childhood Immunization
Red Book 2009: 141-142.[Extract] [Full Version] - Infections Spread by the Respiratory Route
Red Book 2009: 142-143.[Extract] [Full Version] - STIs in Adolescents
Red Book 2009: 163-165.[Extract] [Full Version] - Pneumococcal Infections
Red Book 2009: 524-535.[Extract] [Full Version] - Poliovirus Infections
Red Book 2009: 541-545.[Extract] [Full Version] - Tetanus (Lockjaw)
Red Book 2009: 655-660.[Extract] [Full Version] - Varicella-Zoster Infections
Red Book 2009: 714-727.[Extract] [Full Version] - Diphtheria
Red Book 2009: 280-283.[Extract] [Full Version] - Haemophilus influenzae Infections
Red Book 2009: 314-321.[Extract] [Full Version] - Hepatitis A
Red Book 2009: 329-337.[Extract] [Full Version] - Hepatitis B
Red Book 2009: 337-356.[Extract] [Full Version] - Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Red Book 2009: 380-400.[Extract] [Full Version] - Influenza
Red Book 2009: 400-412.[Extract] [Full Version] - Measles
Red Book 2009: 444-455.[Extract] [Full Version] - Meningococcal Infections
Red Book 2009: 455-463.[Extract] [Full Version] - Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Red Book 2009: 500-504.[Extract] [Full Version] - Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
Red Book 2009: 504-519.[Extract] [Full Version] - Appendix VII. Standards for Child and Adolescent Immunization Practices
Red Book 2009: 854-856.[Extract] [Full Version]
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