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The first 20% of the full text of this section appears below.

Section 1. Active and Passive Immunization

Passive Immunization

Antibodies of Animal Origin (Animal Antisera)

Products of animal origin used for neutralization of toxins or prophylaxis of infectious diseases are derived from serum of horses immunized with the agent/toxoid of interest. Experimental products prepared in other species also may be available. These products are derived by concentrating the serum globulin fraction with ammonium sulfate. Some, but not all, products are subjected to an enzyme digestion process to decrease clinical reactions to administered foreign proteins. These animal-derived immunoglobulin products are referred to here as serum, for convenience.

Use of the following products is discussed in the disease-specific chapters in Section 3:

  • Botulism Antitoxin (Equine), available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

  • Diphtheria Antitoxin (Equine), available from the CDC. The currently available product is manufactured in Brazil and is available only under an investigational new drug protocol.

Indications for Use of Animal Antisera
Reactions to Animal Sera
Sensitivity Tests for Reactions to Animal Sera
Desensitization to Animal Sera
Types of Reactions to Animal Sera

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INDICATIONS FOR USE OF ANIMAL ANTISERA

Antibody-containing products prepared from animal sera pose a special risk to the recipient, and the use of such products should be limited strictly to certain indications for which specific IG preparations of human origin are not available (eg, diphtheria and botulism other than infant botulism).


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REACTIONS TO ANIMAL SERA

Before any animal serum is injected, the patient must be questioned about his or her history of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and urticaria after previous exposure to animals or injections of animal sera. Patients with a history of asthma or allergic symptoms, especially from exposure to horses, can be . . . [Go to Full Text]


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