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Section 1. Active and Passive Immunization
Immunization in Special Clinical Circumstances
American Indian/Alaska Native Children
Compared with children from other ethnic groups, American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) children historically have been at greater risk of acquiring certain vaccine-preventable diseases, such as hepatitis A, hepatitis B, Hib, and S pneumoniae infections, and being hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus infection and other lower respiratory tract infections. The rate of diarrhea-associated hospitalizations is significantly higher in AI/AN infants than in other US infants. AN women have a rate of cervical cancer 3.4 times that of white women in the United States, indicating a high rate of infection with HPV and lack of preventive care.
Geographic differences exist in disease risk. Increased risk of acquiring vaccine-preventable diseases has been demonstrated among AI/AN infants and children who live on reservations or in traditional rural villages, and the increased risk may be related to crowded living conditions and lack of indoor plumbing. However, high incidences of hepatitis A and hepatitis B infections also have been demonstrated among urban AI/AN children, which may result from high-risk behaviors or frequent visits to extended family members.
During the
Related text in Red Book:
- Summary of Major Changes in the 2009 Red Book
Red Book 2009: XXIX.[Extract] [Full Version] - Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Red Book 2009: 560-569.[Extract] [Full Version] - Haemophilus influenzae Infections
Red Book 2009: 314-321.[Extract] [Full Version]
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