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Section 2. Recommendations for Care of Children in Special Circumstances
Prevention of Mosquitoborne Infections
Mosquitoborne infectious diseases in the United States are caused by arboviruses (eg, West Nile, La Crosse, St. Louis encephalitis, eastern equine encephalitis, and western equine encephalitis viruses [see Arboviruses, p 214]). International travelers may encounter arboviral or other mosquitoborne infections (eg, malaria, Yellow fever, dengue, Japanese encephalitis) during travel (also see disease-specific chapters in Section 3). Physicians should be aware of the epidemiology of arbovirus infections in their local areas. Prevention involves protection from the bite of an infected mosquito. In areas with arbovirus transmission, protection of children is recommended during outdoor activities, including activities related to school, child care, or camping. Education of families and other caregivers is an important component of prevention. Specific measures include:
Eliminate local mosquito sources. Mosquitoes develop in standing water. Often, large numbers of mosquitoes are produced from sources at or very near the home. Measures to limit mosquito sources around the home include drainage or removal of receptacles for standing water (old tires, toys, flower pots, cans, buckets, barrels, other containers that collect rain water); keeping swimming pools, decorative pools, children’s wading pools, and bird-baths clean; and cleaning clogged rain gutters. Under certain circumstances, large-scale mosquito control measures may be conducted by community mosquito-control programs or public health officials. These efforts include drainage of standing water, use of larvicides in waters that are sources of mosquitoes, and use of pesticides to control biting adult mosquitoes.
Reduce exposure to mosquitoes. Avoiding mosquito bites by limiting outdoor activities at times of high mosquito activity, which primarily occur at dusk and dawn, and screening of
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Related text in Red Book:
- Summary of Major Changes in the 2009 Red Book
Red Book 2009: XXIX.[Extract] [Full Version] - International Travel
Red Book 2009: 98-104.[Extract] [Full Version] - Prevention Of Tickborne Infections
Red Book 2009: 191-193.[Extract] [Full Version] - African Trypanosomiasis (African Sleeping Sickness)
Red Book 2009: 676-677.[Extract] [Full Version] - West Nile Virus
Red Book 2009: 730-733.[Extract] [Full Version] - Arboviruses (also see West Nile Virus, p 730)
Red Book 2009: 214-220.[Extract] [Full Version] - Leishmaniasis
Red Book 2009: 421-423.[Extract] [Full Version] - Malaria
Red Book 2009: 438-444.[Extract] [Full Version]
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