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Section 3. Summaries of Infectious Diseases

Adenovirus Infections

Clinical Manifestations
Etiology
Epidemiology
Diagnostic Tests
Treatment
Isolation of the Hospitalized Patient
Control Measures

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CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

The most common site of adenovirus infection is the upper respiratory tract. Manifestations include symptoms of the common cold, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, otitis media, and pharyngoconjunctival fever. Life-threatening disseminated infection, severe pneumonia, meningitis, and encephalitis occur occasionally, especially among young infants and immunocompromised hosts. Adenoviruses occasionally cause acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, a pertussis-like syndrome, croup, bronchiolitis, exudative tonsillitis, pneumonia, or hemorrhagic cystitis. Enteric adenovirus serotypes cause gastroenteritis.


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ETIOLOGY

Adenoviruses are double-stranded, nonenveloped DNA viruses; at least 51 distinct serotypes divided into 6 species (A through F) cause human infections. Some adenovirus serotypes are associated primarily with respiratory tract disease, and others are associated primarily with gastroenteritis (types 40, 41, and to a lesser extent, 31).

Adenovirus serotype 14 is a rarely reported but emerging serotype of adenovirus that can cause severe and sometimes fatal respiratory tract illness in patients of all ages, including healthy young adults. During early 2007, 140 cases of confirmed adenovirus serotype 14 respiratory tract illness were identified in clusters of patients in several states. Of these patients, 38% were hospitalized, including 17% who were admitted to intensive care units; 5% of the patients died. The isolates were distinct from the adenovirus serotype 14 reference strain isolated in 1955, suggesting the emergence and spread of a new adenovirus serotype 14 variant in the United States. 88


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EPIDEMIOLOGY

Infection in infants and children can occur at any age. . . . [Go to Full Text]


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