ad
This Article
Right arrow Images Only
Right arrow Full Version
Services
Right arrow E-mail this link to a friend
Right arrow Add to My File Cabinet
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Right arrow Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
Appendices
Right arrow Earn CME - What's This?
Related Collections
Right arrowRelated Article

The first 20% of the full text of this section appears below.

Section 3. Summaries of Infectious Diseases

Human Calicivirus Infections (Norovirus and Sapovirus)

Clinical Manifestations
Etiology
Epidemiology
Diagnostic Tests
Treatment
Isolation of the Hospitalized Patient
Control Measures

Top
 Next

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

Abrupt onset of vomiting accompanied by watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea are characteristic but not pathognomonic of human calicivirus (HuCV) infections. Mild to moderate diarrhea without vomiting is common in children. Symptoms last from 24 to 60 hours.


Top
 Previous
Next
See Images

ETIOLOGY

Caliciviruses are 20- to 40-nm, noneveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the Caliciviridae family. Vesivirus and lagovirus infect animals, in contrast to Norovirus and Sapovirus, which commonly infect humans and are referred to as HuCVs. HuCVs are diverse genetically and antigenically but can be grouped into genogroups and genotypes for epidemiologic purposes.


Top
 Previous
Next

EPIDEMIOLOGY

HuCVs have a worldwide distribution, with multiple antigenic types circulating simultaneously in the same region. HuCVs, of which most are noroviruses, are a major cause of both sporadic cases and outbreaks of gastroenteritis. Norovirus GII.4 genotype has been predominant during the past decade in the United States, Europe, and Oceania. Sapovirus infections have been less frequently reported, albeit increasingly, mostly from children with sporadic acute diarrhea. Asymptomatic norovirus excretion is common in children. In the United States, . . . [Go to Full Text]


Related Article

Children in Out-of-Home Child Care
Red Book 2009 2009: 124a. [Extract] [Full Text]