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Appendices

The first 300 words of the full text of this section appear below.

Section 3. Summaries of Infectious Diseases

Mumps

Clinical Manifestations
Etiology
Epidemiology
Diagnostic Tests
Treatment
Isolation of the Hospitalized Patient
Control Measures

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CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

Mumps is a systemic disease characterized by swelling of one or more of the salivary glands, usually the parotid glands. Approximately one third of infections do not cause clinically apparent salivary gland swelling and may manifest primarily as respiratory tract infection. More than 50% of people with mumps have cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis, but fewer than 10% have symptoms of central nervous system infection. Orchitis is a common complication after puberty, but sterility rarely occurs. Other rare complications include arthritis, thyroiditis, mastitis, glomerulonephritis, myocarditis, endocardial fibroelastosis, thrombocytopenia, cerebellar ataxia, transverse myelitis, ascending polyradiculitis, pancreatitis, oophoritis, and hearing impairment. In the absence of an immunization program, mumps typically occurs during childhood. Infection occurring among adults is more likely to be severe, and death resulting from mumps and its complications, although rare, occurs most often in adults. Mumps during the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with an increased rate of spontaneous abortion. Although mumps virus can cross the placenta, no evidence exists that this results in congenital malformation.


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ETIOLOGY

Mumps is caused by an RNA virus classified as a Rubulavirus in the Paramyxoviridae family. Other causes of parotitis include infection with cytomegalovirus, parainfluenza virus types 1 and 3, influenza A virus, coxsackieviruses and other enteroviruses, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Staphylococcus aureus, nontuberculous mycobacterium, and less often, other gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria; salivary duct calculi; starch ingestion; drug reactions (eg, phenylbutazone, thiouracil, iodides); and metabolic disorders (diabetes mellitus, cirrhosis, and malnutrition).


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EPIDEMIOLOGY

Mumps occurs worldwide, and humans are the only known natural hosts. The virus is spread by contact with infected respiratory tract secretions. Mumps virus is the only cause of epidemic parotitis. Historically, the peak . . . [Go to Full Text]


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This topic has been referenced by these articles:

  • Groom, A. V., Washington, M. L., Smith, P. J., Bryan, R. T. (2008). Underimmunization of American Indian and Alaska Native Children. Pediatrics 121: 938-944 [Abstract] [Full Version]  
  • Haidopoulou, K., Fylaktou, A., Goutaki, M., Papadimitriou, A., Kalamitsou, S., Varlamis, G. (2008). SEROLOGICAL STUDY ON IMMUNITY TO MEASLES AND MUMPS IN NORTHERN GREEK CHILDREN. Pediatrics 121: S128-S128 [Abstract]  
  • Ward, K. N., Bryant, N. J., Andrews, N. J., Bowley, J. S., Ohrling, A., Verity, C. M., Ross, E. M., Miller, E. (2007). Risk of Serious Neurologic Disease After Immunization of Young Children in Britain and Ireland. Pediatrics 120: 314-321 [Abstract] [Full Version]  
  • D'Angio, C. T., Boohene, P. A., Mowrer, A., Audet, S., Menegus, M. A., Schmid, D. S., Beeler, J. A. (2007). Measles-Mumps-Rubella and Varicella Vaccine Responses in Extremely Preterm Infants. Pediatrics 119: e574-e579 [Abstract] [Full Version]  
  • Kosmidis, S., Pourtsidis, A., Bouhoutsou, D., Baka, M., Varvoutsi, M., Doganis, D., Kallergi, C., Douladiris, N., Synodinou, M., Saxoni-Papageorgiou, F., Kosmidis, H. (2008). IMMUNE STATUS AND IMMUNE RECOVERY IN CHILDREN WITH LYMPHOMA AT THE END OF THERAPY (CHEMOTHERAPY AND/OR RADIOTHERAPY) AND IN FOLLOW-UP EVALUATIONS. Pediatrics 121: S119-S120 [Abstract]  
  • Ovsyannikova, I. G., Jacobson, R. M., Dhiman, N., Vierkant, R. A., Pankratz, V. S., Poland, G. A. (2008). Human Leukocyte Antigen and Cytokine Receptor Gene Polymorphisms Associated With Heterogeneous Immune Responses to Mumps Viral Vaccine. Pediatrics 121: e1091-e1099 [Abstract] [Full Version]  
  • Schaffzin, J. K., Pollock, L., Schulte, C., Henry, K., Dayan, G., Blog, D., Smith, P. (2007). Effectiveness of Previous Mumps Vaccination During a Summer Camp Outbreak. Pediatrics 120: e862-e868 [Abstract] [Full Version]  
  • Msall, M. E., Hogan, D. P. (2007). Counting Children With Disability in Low-Income Countries: Enhancing Prevention, Promoting Child Development, and Investing in Economic Well-being. Pediatrics 120: 182-185 [Full Version]  
  • Bernstein, H. H., Eves, K., Campbell, K., Black, S. B., Twiggs, J. D., Reisinger, K. S., Conti, R. M., Flodmark, C.-E., Rombo, L., Klopfer, S., Schodel, F., Hartzel, J., Kuter, B. J., and the Refrigerator-Stable Formulation Study Grou, (2007). Comparison of the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Refrigerator-Stable Versus a Frozen Formulation of ProQuad (Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella Virus Vaccine Live). Pediatrics 119: e1299-e1305 [Abstract] [Full Version]  
  • Gilger, M. A., Redel, C. A. (2009). Autism and the Gut. Pediatrics 124: 796-798 [Full Version]  
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